Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum, Family Lamiaceae; also known as Ocimum tenuiflorum) has an important
place in the traditional systems of medicine in many Asian, African and South
American countries. It is referred to as ‘Tulsi’ in India and its medicinal
properties have been mentioned in ancient Indian medical literature namely
Charak Samhita and Sushruta Samhita (about 1000 BC). Within Ayurveda, Tulsi has
been referred to as “The Incomparable One,” “Mother Medicine of Nature” and
“The Queen of Herbs,” and is considered as an “elixir of life” with both
medicinal and spiritual properties. It
is considered to be an adaptogen, balancing various bodily processes, and
helpful for adapting to stress. It is notable that adaptogenic herbs do not
alter mood as such, but help the body function optimally during stress.
Medicines with several beneficial effects
can be extracted from the leaves, stems, and seeds of the plant. Holy basil has
been reported to have expectorant, antimicrobial, analgesic, anticancer,
antiasthmatic, antiemetic, diaphoretic, antidiabetic, antifertility,
antioxidant, hepatoprotective, radioprotective, chemoprotective, hypotensive,
hypolipidemic, neuroprotective,, immunomodulatory, cognition enhancing,
anti-anxiety etc properties.
There are at least two types of holy basil
commonly cultivated, the Green type and the Purple type. The green type is more
common and is called Sri Tulsi or Rama Tulsi, whereas the purple type is not
that common and is called as Krishna Tulsi or Shyam Tulsi.
Traditionally, holy basil is taken in many
forms including herbal tea, dried powder, fresh leaf, or mixed with ghee. It is
often added to soups because of its peppery taste. You can consider growing
your own holy basil plant from seeds or cuttings and making freshly brewed tea
every day or even nibbling on a few leaves. Many Ayurvedic practitioners
recommend the regular consumption of tulsi tea.
In a small sized clinical study, plant
extract of holy basil (500 mg equivalent) given twice daily for 60 days
decreased generalized anxiety disorders and related stress and depression. In
another study, taking whole plant extract of holy basil, one capsule (400 mg
equivalent) after breakfast and two capsules after dinner for 6 weeks decreased
symptoms of stress, including forgetfulness, sexual problems, exhaustion, and
sleep problems. In one study, extract of holy basil (300 mg equivalent) given
once daily for 30 days resulted in enhanced short-term memory and attention.
Insufficient literature exists about the
safety of the use of holy basil during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Animal
studies suggest that large amounts of holy basil might negatively affect
fertility. Holy basil might slow blood clotting, so it
is advisable to stop using holy basil at least 2 weeks before a scheduled
surgery. Although no evidence exists in published literature, precaution should
be exercised while taking holy basil with medications that decrease clotting
(e.g. aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin, warfarin, etc).
References:
1. Bhattacharyya D, Sur TK, Jana U, Debnath
PK. Controlled programmed trial of Ocimum sanctum leaf on generalized anxiety
disorders. Nepal Med Coll J. 2008; 10(3):176-9.
2. Cohen MM. Tulsi - Ocimum sanctum: A herb
for all reasons. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2014;5(4):251-9.
3. Sampath S, Mahapatra SC, Padhi MM,
Sharma R, Talwar A. Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) leaf extract enhances
specific cognitive parameters in healthy adult volunteers: A placebo controlled
study. Indian J PhysiolPharmacol 2015; 59(1): 69–77.
4. Ram Chandra Saxena, Rakesh Singh, Parveen
Kumar, et al. Efficacy of an Extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum (OciBest) in the
Management of General Stress: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Evidence-Based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2012, Article ID 894509, 7 pages.